Nosema bombycis is an obligate intracellular parasite that causes pebrine disease by infecting Bombyx mori. The disease is transmitted transovarially and spreads rapidly in silkworm seed multiplication farms. Pebrine is the only quarantine requirement in silkworm egg production and is usually monitored by mother insect examination and light microscopy for specific spores. Practically spore detection is a bit technical, laborious and the life cycle stages of N. bombycis can also be observed by microscopy. However, routine monitoring of pebrine disease through light microscopy is limited by specificity and sensitivity. More practical and feasible diagnostic methods for pebrine monitoring have emerged with the development of immunodiagnostic and nucleic acid based detection techniques. Immunodiagnostic assays such as latex agglutination and ELISA using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were developed for diagnosis and characterization of microsporidian infections. However, false positives and low-level infections made immunoassays less reliable. Nucleic acid-based detection methods using DNA sequences specific for N. bombycis can detect particularly low levels of infection. Major DNA diagnostics for detecting N. bombycis include PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and lateral flow assays that are high-throughput and quantitative, as well as capable of detecting multiple diseases simultaneously. Molecular diagnostic techniques are more advantageous than microscopy because of increased sensitivity, specificity, rapid and easy result interpretations. The molecular diagnostic tests described for the identification of microsporidia infecting mulberry silkworm are given in this chapter.
Nosema bombycis, pebrine, diagnostic, detection, silkworm etc.
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development - IJTSRD having
online ISSN 2456-6470. IJTSRD is a leading Open Access, Peer-Reviewed International
Journal which provides rapid publication of your research articles and aims to promote
the theory and practice along with knowledge sharing between researchers, developers,
engineers, students, and practitioners working in and around the world in many areas
like Sciences, Technology, Innovation, Engineering, Agriculture, Management and
many more and it is recommended by all Universities, review articles and short communications
in all subjects. IJTSRD running an International Journal who are proving quality
publication of peer reviewed and refereed international journals from diverse fields
that emphasizes new research, development and their applications. IJTSRD provides
an online access to exchange your research work, technical notes & surveying results
among professionals throughout the world in e-journals. IJTSRD is a fastest growing
and dynamic professional organization. The aim of this organization is to provide
access not only to world class research resources, but through its professionals
aim to bring in a significant transformation in the real of open access journals
and online publishing.