Soil salinity emerged as a major problem for better production of cops in all over the world. Global food security is at risk due to physiological abnormalities caused by agricultural salinization, which is a significant long-term underlying abiotic stress that inhibits plant growth and development. This is primarily caused by the accumulation of salt in the soil due to human activities such as irrigation, inadequate growth, and excessive fertilization. Soil degradation affects almost 147 million hectares of land, with water erosion affecting about 94 million ha of them, salinity/alkalinities/acidification about 50% and water depletion/flooding about 60% of the land wind erosion on 9 million and 7 million hectares due to the combination of factors caused by different forces. To ensure food security for an increasing population, the Indian government has set a goal to restore 26 million hectares of degraded land by 2030, including those affected by salt. Estimates suggest that salinization treatment covers approximately 10% of the soil added each time. In 2050, approximately 50% of agricultural land would be caused by salt. Nanotechnology, which is a highly advanced and potent technology in this area, yields excellent outcomes. While nanotechnology has been shown to have a beneficial impact on plants when subjected to salinity stress, the connection between nanoparticles and intracellular mechanisms in plant life remains unclear. In this review, we have discussed about the types of nanoparticles, its uptake by plants and effects on the molecular, biochemical and physiological aspects of the plant.
Salinity stress, Agricultural salinization, Nanotechnology, Nanoparticle
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