This research investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying plant-pathogen interactions and the role of genetic resistance in enhancing crop disease resistance. Focusing on various crop species, including rice, potato, soybean, and tomato, the study examines how specific resistance genes and molecular markers contribute to protecting crops from devastating diseases such as rice blast, bacterial wilt, Phytophthora root rot, and Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV). The research utilizes a qualitative methodology, incorporating real-world case studies, interviews with agricultural experts, and document analysis. Findings indicate that the integration of molecular genetics in breeding programs has significantly improved disease resistance in crops, offering both economic and environmental benefits. However, challenges remain, including the adaptability of pathogens, the cost of adopting resistant varieties, and the need for farmer education and awareness. This study underscores the potential of molecular breeding to address global food security issues and promote sustainable agricultural practices.
Molecular Genetics, Crop Disease Resistance, Genetic Resistance, Breeding Programs, Agricultural Sustainability
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