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Nobel Prize Winning Works in Chemistry and their Impact on Society

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Nobel Prize Winning Works in Chemistry and their Impact on Society


Dr. Chandra Prakash Gharu



Dr. Chandra Prakash Gharu "Nobel Prize Winning Works in Chemistry and their Impact on Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6, October 2022, pp.1519-1524, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52115.pdf

How different are the careers of Nobel laureates from other scientists? US research suggests they follow similar patterns up until the point they win the Nobel prize. Like ‘ordinary’ scientists they rely on collaborations, and have what the authors describe as ‘hot streaks’ – periods where an individual scientist’s performance is substantially better than usual. However, the laureates were more productive, likely to have longer ‘hot streaks’ and more than one hot streak, compared with ordinary scientists. The authors were surprised to find a significant but temporary dip in the impact of the work of laureates in the first or second year following the prize, even though they were just as productive, and had similar amounts of funding available. The impact of their work was judged by the number of papers in the top 1% of citations, for the four years immediately before and after the award. The impact dip is most pronounced among physicists – with a drop of 18.1% in the second year after the award – but smallest in chemists – with a drop of 4.8%. There was also a significant decrease in individual work by both chemistry and medicine laureates after the prize. Dashun Wang, at the Centre for Science of Science and Innovation at Northwestern University, says they had expected to see evidence of the premium that comes with the prize – that increased visibility would increase the impact of their work. Wang and his colleagues investigated laureates’ performance chemistry, physics, and physiology and medicine Nobel prize winner from 1900 to 2016. They also established a comparison data set of more ‘ordinary’ scientists – for each laureate who published their first paper after 1960, they randomly selected 20 scientists in the same discipline and who started their careers at the same time. But a deeper look at research topics suggests that, after being awarded the prize, laureates had a higher likelihood of switching topics than would be expected if they randomly changed research direction at any point in their career. One example is that of Jean-Marie Lehn, one of three scientists who were awarded the 1987 chemistry Nobel prize for the synthesis of crypt ands. Immediately after winning, Lehn’s focus shifted to self-assembly and self-organisation – a topic he’d never previously published on. ‘It’s not clear why this happens the moment you win the prize,’ especially as it’s difficult to predict when that will be, says Wang. But it perhaps demonstrates ‘the unwavering effort of Nobel laureates to keep pushing the frontier’. Alex Petersen, in the management of complex systems department at the University of California Merced, is also intrigued by the findings. ‘Winning a Nobel prize affords you a lot of freedom to change research direction,’ he says, and adds that perhaps the dip is ‘just using a range of resources to create a database of nearly every showing the lag in time it takes the research community to decide whether or not a new direction is worth following’.

nobel prize, chemistry, society, scientists, innovation, management, community


IJTSRD52115
Volume-6 | Issue-6, October 2022
1519-1524
IJTSRD | www.ijtsrd.com | E-ISSN 2456-6470
Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Journal. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development - IJTSRD having online ISSN 2456-6470. IJTSRD is a leading Open Access, Peer-Reviewed International Journal which provides rapid publication of your research articles and aims to promote the theory and practice along with knowledge sharing between researchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working in and around the world in many areas like Sciences, Technology, Innovation, Engineering, Agriculture, Management and many more and it is recommended by all Universities, review articles and short communications in all subjects. IJTSRD running an International Journal who are proving quality publication of peer reviewed and refereed international journals from diverse fields that emphasizes new research, development and their applications. IJTSRD provides an online access to exchange your research work, technical notes & surveying results among professionals throughout the world in e-journals. IJTSRD is a fastest growing and dynamic professional organization. The aim of this organization is to provide access not only to world class research resources, but through its professionals aim to bring in a significant transformation in the real of open access journals and online publishing.

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