Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are big applications for monitoring and tracking. The vast number of sensors installed in remote and inaccessible areas will therefore be easy and scalable to install and maintain. Sensors have minimal backup of batteries, as they are small in scale. Energy is a crucial factor to prolong the network 's lifespan, as nodes cannot be recharged as deployed in risky areas once deployed. In general, clustering or chain-based strategies are used in WSNs to reduce the energy consumption of the sensor nodes. In this paper we discussed routing protocols for WSNs based on clustering and the chain. Special nodes called cluster heads in cluster-based routing form a wireless backbone to the sink or Base Station. Every head of a cluster collects data from the sensors that belong to its cluster and forward it to the sink. A node called the leader node forwards the data to the Base Station is established in chain-based routing protocol system.
Leach, Pegasis, Genetic Algorithm, Wsn’s, Network lifetime, energy efficiency etc
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