This study was done to assess the phytochemical constituents and acute toxicity of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx and leaf extract. The crude extract of the plant parts were obtained after solvent percolation and drying. Then, the presence of tannins, saponin, flavonoids, alkaloids and phenol were assessed qualitatively. Also, albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used to assess the toxicity level of the plant materials, haematological and biochemical parameters of the test animal blood were also assessed. The results revealed that the two plant parts contained alkaloids, tannins, saponin, phenol and flavonoids. Also, In the acute toxicity assay, the oral lethal dose (LD50) of ?5000 mg/kg bw and 2236.07 mg/kg bw were recorded respectively for the calyx and leaf extract of the plant. The plant calyx and leaf extracts showed no significant (p<0.05) effect on the levels of red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), packed cell volume (PCV), and haemoglobin concentration (Hb) albeit, the plant extracts had a significant increase effect on the platelet count of the rats. there was a significant increase in the alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Alanine amino transaminase (ALT) and Aspartate amino transaminase (AST) in the group treated with the leaf extract compared with the control whereas the group treated with the calyx extract had comparable level of these enzymes with that of the control. These results has lent credence to the medicinal claim of the plant parts however, the leaf of the plant should be used in moderation.
Hibiscus sabdariffa, phtochemica, acute toxicity, haematology, biochemical
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