Active extraction of aggregate deposits from riverbeds can cause serious environmental problems (bed degradation, bank erosion, loss of vegetation, etc.) .The growing need that exists in the construction industry cannot be fulfilled by the available resources. For example, the current river aggregate extraction rate can satisfy only little part of the total annual demand. However, different industrial activities accompanied by the production of primary products result in various by-products that have almost no practical industrial application. These industrial by-products, which are generated in high quantities worldwide, present severe challenges regarding their disposal. This is why it is necessary to find other alternatives that would be acceptable from the ecological aspect. One solution would be the use of copper slag aggregates as a substitute for natural aggregate in concrete. Similarly The cement industry is one of two primary producers of carbon dioxide (CO2), creating up to 8% of worldwide man-made emissions of this gas. Usage of concrete in future will be go on increasing, which directly increases the pollution level in order to decrease or reduce its effect on environment natural material or waste material like hypo sludge usage as partial replacement of cement in concrete is investigated by many researched in past few decades As a case study. Here concrete of grade M30 is considered and mix design is done as IS: 10262-2019, cement is replaced by hypo sludge up to 20% & sand is replaced with copper slag up to 50%. Once the optimum percent of hypo sludge content is determined, optimum percent of copper slag is determined.
Cement Concrete, flexural strength, Strength parameters, water absorption, Workability
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