Groundwater scarcity is a critical challenge in Delta North Senatorial Region, Nigeria, primarily due to complex geological structures hindering effective resource exploration. This study investigates the efficacy of 2D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) in conjunction with vertical electrical sounding (VES) and existing borehole data to accurately map subsurface structures and enhance groundwater resource identification in Issele-Uku, Ugwashi-Uku, Okpanam, Umunede, and Asaba. Ten 2D ERT surveys were conducted across these five towns, utilizing Wenner and Dipole-Dipole configurations with electrode spacing of 5-10m. Interpreted resistivity values were correlated with potential geological units and groundwater occurrence using established resistivity ranges. Borehole data provided further validation for aquifer depths and structural relationships. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of 2D ERT in delineating geological features like fractures, faults, and weathered zones influencing groundwater flow and storage, with a success rate of 90%. Resistivity variations effectively distinguished clay-rich soils (high resistivity), fractured/weathered rocks (moderate resistivity), and massive, less permeable formations (low resistivity). Comparison with borehole data revealed close agreement between predicted and actual aquifer depths, with discrepancies rarely exceeding 8m. This highlights the potential of 2D ERT as a cost-effective and non-invasive tool for targeted borehole siting and improved groundwater resource management in the region.
2D ERT, groundwater, electrical resistivity tomography, Delta North Senatorial Region, Nigeria, fractured rocks, borehole siting
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