Diesel and gasoline will not be able to meet the quick supply of internal combustion engines due to pollution limitations and the accelerating demand for energy in many industries. Because of its availability, acceptance by the environment, and competitiveness, the use of renewable fuel resources to replace fossil diesel fuel in part or totally has become unavoidable. Alternative fuels work well in diesel engines without requiring any adjustments. When compared to utilizing exclusively fossil diesel, alternative fuels can reduce combustion temperature, lowering all emission percentages. Biodiesel is an oxygenated fuel that is one of the alternative fuels used in diesel engine blends. It's critical for lowering brake specific fuel consumption and enhancing brake thermal efficiency. A colloidal mixture of nano-sized particles spread in a liquid media is known as a nanofluid. In a wide range of technical applications, it increases heat transfer qualities and promotes high energy efficiency. Due to their excellent thermo physical qualities, adding nanofluid to diesel/biodiesel as an additive for ICE has been an appealing strategy in recent years, notably in the automobile sector, to promote increased combustion efficiency and emission reduction. The goal of this paper is to compile latest research findings on the impact of nanoparticles on fuel characteristics and engine combustion efficiency. Differing types of additives are also examined and explained when combined with different fuel qualities. Finally, the benefits and possibilities of employing nanofluid as an additional fuel are described in preparation for future study.
Nanoparticles, ICE, Diesel/biodiesel, Fuel properties, Combustion efficiency, Emission control
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