Geopolitical conflicts frequently lead to the militarization of border regions as states strive to assert control, secure territories, and protect national interests. This paper critically examines both theoretical insights guiding border militarization strategies and their profound human consequences for local populations. By exploring frameworks such as securitization theory and critical geopolitics alongside real-world case studies, this study provides a nuanced understanding of the intricate relationship between geopolitical conflict and border militarization. It highlights how these theories explain state actions and how militarization impacts culture, tradition, religion, and freedom in border communities. Case studies from diverse regions, including the India-Pakistan border in Kashmir and the US-Mexico border, illustrate these dynamics. This analysis contributes to scholarly debates on security studies, international relations, and human rights, advocating for balanced approaches that consider both security imperatives and humanitarian concerns in border management.
Geopolitical conflict, border militarization, theoretical approaches, cultural impact, case studies
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