The present study was conducted to compare arm versus abdomen injection sites on bruising and pain among samples received LMWH injection. The study made use of quantitative approach with randomized controlled trial (RCTs). The study was conducted in the cardiology wards and CICU of Caritas Heart Institute, Kottayam. The population included in the study was patients who receive Low Molecular Weight Heparin injection in upper arm and abdomen. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 60 samples for the study. The tools used were structured questionnaire on socio-demographic and clinical data, linear measurement of bruising by calibrated ruler and pain assessed by numerical pain rating scale. Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn. The obtained mean scores of occurrences of bruising among patients who receive LMWH injection in upper arm is 3.43 and in patients who receive LMWH injection in abdomen is 11.0. Hence it is depicted that occurrence of bruising among patients who receive LMWH injection in abdomen is large (above 5mm2) and bruising level among patients who receive LMWH injection in upper arm is very less. The results revealed that, there is significant difference (t= 4.893, P= 0.000) in the occurrence of bruising among patients who receive LMWH injection in x upper arm and abdomen after 72 hrs. The mean scores of level of bruising of patients who receive LMWH injection in abdomen are higher than that of patients who receive LMWH injection in upper arm. The study concluded that level of bruising among patients who receive LMWH injection in abdomen is very large. Hence, upper arm is more preferable site for LMWH injection.
Low Molecular Weight Heparin, Randomized Controlled Trials
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