The human body works through a complicated series of chemical reactions and processes. Pharmacology is the study of the biological effects of chemicals. Drugs are chemicals that are introduced into the body to cause some sort of change. When drugs are administered, the body begins a sequence of processes designed to handle the new chemicals. These processes, which involve breaking down and eliminating the drugs, in turn affect the body’s complex series of chemical reactions. In clinical practice, health care providers focus on how chemicals act on people. Nurses deal with pharmacotherapeutics, or clinical pharmacology, the branch of pharmacology that uses drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease. Clinical pharmacology addresses two key concerns: the drug’s effects on the body and the body’s response to the drug. For many reasons, understanding how drugs act on the body to cause changes and applying that knowledge in the clinical setting are important aspects of nursing practice. For instance, patients today often follow complicated drug regimens and receive potentially toxic drugs. Many patients also need to manage their care at home. A drug can have many effects, and the nurse must know which ones may occur when a particular drug is administered. Some drug effects are therapeutic, or helpful, but others are undesirable or potentially dangerous. These negative effects are called adverse effects.
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