Objective: An in vitro study was carried out to determine the ovicidal and larvicidal activity of crude ethanolic extracts of Acanthus montanus (Acanthaceae) leaves on the eggs and the third larval (L3) stage of Heligmosomoides bakeri. Methods: Four different concentrations of the extracts (by serial dilution from 1,000 mg/mL to 125 mg/mL) were compared with albendazole as the positive control (serially diluted from the recommended dose of 15 mg/mL to 1.875mg/mL) and distilled water serving as the negative control respectively, in the bioassay. The extract activity was dose-dependent. Results: At 250 mg/mL, there was 100% inhibition of egg hatch comparable to albendazole at 7.5 mg/mL. There was zero percent inhibition of eggs in the distilled water control culture. The activity of the extracts on the L3 larvae shows that at the concentration of 125 mg/mL, the larvicidal effect was 100%, one-hour post treatment compared to albendazole at 15 mg/mL (97.51%). However, the negative control showed an increase in Larvicidal activity from 22.5% to 40% in one hour and fifteen hours respectively. Conclusion: It was therefore, concluded that crude ethanolic extracts of Acanthus montanus leaf has significant ovicidal and larvicidal properties against Heligmosomoides bakeri egg and third larval stage.
Acanthus montanus; extract; Heligmosomoides bakeri; larvicidal, ovicidal
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