Lepidium sativum, commonly known as garden cress, is a fast-growing herb from the cruciferous family with a rich history of traditional medicinal uses. This comprehensive review explores the various properties and applications of Lepidium sativum in the realms of traditional and folk medicine, with a focus on its potential pharmacological effects. The plant is utilized in daily diets, Ayurvedic medicine, and Unani systems for its diverse range of health benefits.The article highlights the plant's traditional uses in treating ailments such as asthma, bronchitis, and rheumatism, as well as its role in promoting mental clarity and intellect. It further delves into its Ayurvedic properties, emphasizing its taste (Katu, Tikta), qualities (Raghu, Ruksa, Tiksna), potency (Usna), and therapeutic actions.The pharmacological activities of Lepidium sativum are examined in detail, including its anti-diabetic effects, anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, analgesic, coagulant properties, and diuretic effects. Notably, the review explores the potential anti-cancer properties of Lepidium sativum, emphasizing its role in apoptosis induction and the presence of organosulfur compounds.Furthermore, the article discusses the nutrient-rich oil derived from Lepidium sativum seeds, known for its ideal fatty acid composition. It explores recent studies demonstrating the preventive effectiveness of this oil, which is rich in alpha-linolenic acid and possesses a balanced ratio of omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) fatty acids.In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted medicinal and pharmacological properties of Lepidium sativum, shedding light on its potential as a natural remedy for various health conditions. It underscores the need for further research to unlock the full therapeutic potential of this versatile herb.
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