Parthenium hysterophorus, a highly invasive annual weed belonging to the Asteraceae family, poses significant threats to biodiversity, agriculture, and human health worldwide. With its prolific seed production and rapid growth, Parthenium has become one of the most devastating weeds globally, impacting ecosystems in Africa, Asia, and Australia. This comprehensive review examines the morphological characteristics, biological activities, and harmful effects of Parthenium on various aspects of the environment and living organisms. The weed’s impact on biodiversity, crop production, soil health, animals, and humans underscores the urgent need for effective management strategies. Physical, chemical, and biological control methods are discussed, highlighting their effectiveness in mitigating Parthenium infestations. The abstract encapsulates the multidimensional challenges posed by Parthenium and emphasizes the importance of collaborative efforts to address its widespread proliferation and mitigate its detrimental effects on ecosystems and livelihoods.
Parthenium hysterophorus, weed, antioxidant, crop
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