In 1974 Hawking hypothesised that the event horizon of a black hole would emit blackbody radiation due to quantum effects. However, following many years of international observations including 11 years of a dedicated mission from the Fermi space telescope, Hawking radiation and its subsequent black hole evaporation have not been observed or verified experimentally. Hawking black hole evaporation and explosion are contradicted by: 1. A lack of empirical support. 2. Contradictions with established science including general relativity, celestial mechanics and quantum theory. 3. Speculations regarding quantum gravity and generalised entropy, theories as yet unproven. Analysis of the gravitational interactions of particle and anti-particle pairs has indicated that the mass-energy of a black hole will not decrease over time as predicted by Hawking. As black hole evaporation cannot occur, the subsequent black hole explosion will not occur either. The mass-energy of a black hole may actually increase due to quantum effects. However, Hawking radiation in the form of low energy anti-matter emission from a black hole is theoretically possible.
Hawking radiation, black hole evaporation, primordial black hole, quantum tunnelling, virtual particles
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