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        While VC funding of startups in Brazil, Russia, and several   markets, there are substantial opportunities for Internet-
        other emerging economies also rose during this period, the   driven growth and productivity in other sectors as well. The
        increase  in  investments  outside  of  China  and  India  was   transformative  potential  of  the  Internet  in  Africa  is
        significantly  more  moderate.  Chinese  and  Indian   particularly  large  in  education,  health,  agriculture,
        entrepreneurial  firms  absorbed  around  95%  of  all  VC   government, and retail (McKinsey, 2013). Although retail
        investments in emerging markets in 2014–16. As a result,   may attract the greatest interest from venture capitalists,
        their economies are substantially more deeply penetrated   other sectors may also benefit from an emerging VC industry
        than  their  peers  at  a  similar  stage  in  their  development   in Africa.
        process. In fact, Finland, Singapore, the United States, and
        Israel, which are classified by the Global Competitiveness   Below  in  figure  1  one  can  observe  upward  trend  in  the
        Report (GCR) as innovation-driven economies, are the only   number  of  deals  on  investments  in  emerging  methods  of
        countries  that  are  similarly  deeply  or  even  more  deeply   finance. In 2018, the total investments amounted 111 billion
        penetrated than China and India.                       dollars, which is a great breakthrough relative to previous
                                                               years.  As the world economy is on the way of digitalization,
        The literature suggests a variety of factors that may help   the  number  of  venture  capitalists,  angel  investors  will
        explain cross-country differences in VC investing. Lerner et   probably rise in future because of increasing market demand
        al. (2009) tested these hypotheses in a large cross section of   for capital.
        countries. Their results were consistent with the arguments
        of Black and Gilson (1998) and the findings of Jeng and Wells   References
        (2000):  functioning  local  financial  markets  for  VC   [1]   Baltacioglu T, Ada E, Kaplan MD, Yurt O, Kaplan YC
        investments are important, as they provide an exit route for   (2007) A new framework for service supply chains.
        VC  investors  via  IPOs.  Further,  Lerner,  Sorensen,  and   Serv Ind J 27(2):105–124
        Strцmberg  found  that  minority  shareholder  rights  are   [2]   Pitelis CN (2009) the co-evolution of organizational
        important  for  VC  (as  well  as  growth  equity)  deals.  This   value  capture,  value  creation  and  sustainable
        finding is consistent with the exit story, in the sense that for   advantage. Org Stud 30(10):1115–1139
        new  minority  shareholders  to  buy  stock  in  an  IPO,  it  is
        critical that their rights are adequately protected. However,   [3]   Chan A, Go FM, Pine R (1998) Service innovation in
        in contrast to what might be expected, the authors find little   hong  kong:  attitudes  and  practice.  Serv  Indus  J
        evidence   for   the   hypothesis   that   barriers   to     18(2):112–124
        entrepreneurship undermine VC investments.
                                                               [4]   Chesbrough,  H.,  2011.  Open  Service  Innovation:
                                                                     Rethinking Your Business to Growand Compete in a
        Finally,  VC  has  gained  traction  in  Africa,  as  mobile  and   New Era. Jossey Bass, San Francisco, CA.
        Internet  penetration  has  increased.  In  Nigeria,  the  most
        populous  African  country,  77%  of  the  population  uses  a   [5]   OECD  High-Level  Principles  on  SME  Financing,
        mobile phone, while 43% have access to the Internet (ITC;    https://www.oecd.org/finance/  G20-OECD-High-
        data refer to 2015). In Kenya, penetration rates are similar,   Level-%20Principles-on-SME-Financing.pdf.
        while South Africans and Egyptians have on average more   [6]   The  Pulse  of  Fintech  Q4  2017.  Global  analyses  of
        than  one  mobile  phone  per  person.  Not  surprisingly,  e-  investment in fintech. P.5
        commerce  is  increasingly  popular,  opening  up  new
        investment opportunities. A good example is Jumia, a Cairo-  [7]   Casanova  L.,  Cornelius  P.K.,  Dutta  S.  –“Financing
        based  online  retailer  specializing  in  electronics,  fashion,   entrepreneurship  and  innovation  in  Emerging
        home  appliances,  and  children’s  items  especially  for  the   Markets”. P.22
        Nigerian market. Founded in 2012 by three individuals, it   [8]   Mina A., Bascavusoglu-Mareau E.B, Hughes A.-Open
        now employs more than 1000 people.
                                                                     service innovation and the firm’s search for external
                                                                     knowledge
        Conclusion
        Bright and Hruby (2015) argue that the term ‘e-commerce’   [9]   Basu,  S.D.,  2014.  Race  to  IITs  just  got  tougher;
        should be replaced by ‘m-commerce’ in Africa, as so much of   number of candidates who qualified in JEE advanced
        local e-commerce comes from activity on mobile devices. In   6,360 more than last year. The Economic Times, 20
        fact,  African  countries  are  leading  the  world  in  the   June. Available at
        development and use of mobile money. Probably the most
                                                                     http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-
        significant  innovation  has  been  M-Pesa,  a  mobile  phone-
        based  money  transfer  and  financing  service  that  was   06-20/news/50739176_1_1-26-lakh-students-
                                                                     jointentrance-exam-iit-seat.
        launched in 2007 by Vodafone Group L.L.C., for Safaricom,
        Ltd. and Vodacom Group, Ltd., the largest mobile network   [10]   PwC (PricewaterhouseCoopers), 2012. India—Higher
        operators in Kenya and Tanzania. Since its launch, M-Pesa    Education  Sector:  Opportunities  for  Private
        has expanded to several other African countries, as well as   Participation. Available at
        Emerging Asia and Emerging Europe. Today, there are tens     https://www.pwc.in/en_IN/in/assets/pdfs/industrie
        of millions of users who are able to transfer money to other
        users,  pay  bills,  purchase  goods  and  services,  save,  earn   s/educationservices. pdf.
        interest, and borrow, all from a basic mobile phone. While M-  [11]   Levine, R., 2005. Finance and Growth: Theory and
        Pesa  has  revolutionized  financial  services  in  emerging   Evidence. In: Aghion, P., Durlauf, S. (Eds.), Handbook
                                                                     of Economic Growth. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam,
                                                                                                               pp. 866–934.
        Governance and Capital Flows in a Global Economy. Oxford
        University Press, New York, pp. 133–156.

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