Page 140 - Special Issue Modern Trends in Scientific Research and Development, Case of Asia

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
There are three degrees of dehydration. ➢ health education about the ways of spreading
infections;
➢ Severe dehydration (at least two of the following): ➢ vaccination against rotavirus infection.

➢ lethargy / unconsciousness; The main measures for treating diarrhea include the
➢ sunken eyes; following:
➢ the patient cannot drink or drinks badly;
➢ after pinching, the skin returns to its original
state very slowly (≥2 seconds). ➢ Rehydration: with oral rehydration salt (ORS)
solution. ORS is a mixture of pure water, salt and
➢ Moderate dehydration: sugar that can be safely prepared at home.
✓ restless behavior, irritability; Treatment with this mixture costs a few cents. ORS is
✓ sunken eyes; absorbed in the small intestine and replaces water
✓ the patient drinks with greed, is thirsty. and electrolytes excreted in feces.
➢ Zinc supplements: Zinc supplements reduce the
➢ No dehydration (not enough evidence to qualify as duration of diarrhea by 25% and lead to a decrease
moderate or severe dehydration). in stool volume by 30%.
➢ Rehydration via IV line in case of acute dehydration
The reasons or shock.
➢ Nutrient-rich foods: The cycle of malnutrition and
Infection: Diarrhea is a symptom of infections caused by diarrhea can be broken by feeding children nutrient-
a wide variety of bacteria, viruses and parasites, most of rich foods (including breast milk) during diarrhea
which are spread through fecal contaminated water. and then feeding recovered children nutritious foods
Infections are most common where there is a shortage of (including exclusive breastfeeding during the first six
clean water for drinking, cooking and personal hygiene. months of life).
Rotavirus and Escherichia coli are the two most common ➢ Consult with a healthcare professional, in particular
causes of diarrhea, both moderate and severe, in low- regarding the management of persistent diarrhea, blood
income countries. Other pathogens, such as in stools or signs of dehydration.
cryptosporidium and shigella, may also be relevant. It is
also necessary to take into account the etiological References
patterns characteristic of a particular area. [1] Коли-инфекция кишечная Большая российская
энциклопедия - электронная версия.
Malnutrition: Children dying of diarrhea often suffer bigenc.ru. Дата обращения 27 августа 2019.
from concomitant malnutrition, which makes them more
vulnerable. Each case of diarrhea, in turn, exacerbates [2] Диарея путешественников | Медицинская газета
their malnutrition. Diarrhea is one of the leading causes «Здоровье Украины», Медицинское издание,
of malnutrition among children under five years of age. медицинские издательства в Украине
[3] http://www.infectology.ru/nosology/infectious/bact
Source: Of particular concern is water contaminated eriosis/escherichiosis.aspx Эшерихиоз
with human faeces, such as from wastewater,
sedimentation tanks and latrines. Animal faeces also [4] Gene Sequence Of Deadly E. Coli Reveals Surprisingly
contain microorganisms that can cause diarrhea. Dynamic Genome (недоступная ссылка). Science
Daily (25 января 2001). Дата обращения 8 февраля
Other causes: Diarrhea can also spread from person to 2007. Архивировано 21 февраля 2007 года.
person, exacerbated by inadequate personal hygiene. [5] http://medkarta.com/?cat=article&id=19158 Лечени
Food is another significant cause of diarrhea when е
prepared or stored in unhygienic conditions. The unsafe
storage and handling of water in the household is also an [6] Therapeutic use of bacteriophages in bacterial
important factor. Fish and seafood from contaminated infections (недоступная ссылка). Polish Academy of
water can also cause this disease. Sciences. Дата обращения 10 января
2013. Архивировано 8 февраля 2006 года.
Prevention and treatment [7] Medical conditions treated with phage
Basic measures to prevent diarrhea include the following: therapy (недоступная ссылка). Phage Therapy
Center. Дата обращения 10 января
➢ access to safe drinking water; 2013. Архивировано 23 октября 2012 года.
➢ improved sanitation facilities;
➢ washing hands with soap; [8] Girard M., Steele D., Chaignat C., Kieny M. A review of
➢ exclusive breastfeeding of the baby during the first vaccine research and development: human enteric
six months of life; infections (англ.) // Vaccine : journal. — 2006. — Vol.
➢ proper personal and food hygiene; 24, no. 15. — P. 2732 2750. —
doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.10.014. — PMID
16483695.

ID: IJTSRD38048 | Special Issue on Modern Trends in Scientific Research and Development, Case of Asia Page 135