Page 53 - Combine
P. 53

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470

        irrigation, intensity and frequency of precipitation, water-  salinity  should  be  widely  used  in  order  to  prevent  it  in
        physical properties (permeability) of soils and rocks of the   specific fields during the growing season, as well as rational
        aeration zone [10]. The migration of waters infiltrating from   use of water resources, reduce unproductive water losses by
        the surface occurs until they reach the groundwater horizon,   streamlining its distribution at all levels of systems, repairing
        after which their vertical movement stops. They flow in the   canals and cleaning collectors [15].
        form of a soil flow towards the nearest natural drains (river
                                                               BIBLIOGRAPHY
        valleys, gullies, ravines). When the infiltrated water reaches   [1]
        the groundwater basin, its level rises. As a result of a number   Abdullaev S. Agrophysical properties and salt regime
                                                                    of irrigated soils in oases of Bukhara region: Author's
        of reasons - reservoir backwater, mass leaching of lands in
                                                                    abstract. dis ... cand. s.-kh. sciences. Tashkent, 1975.
        spring with insufficient drainage, poor natural outflow of
        water  from  the  territory  and  unsatisfactory  condition  of   [2]   Atlas of soils of Uzbekistan. Bukhara region. Tashkent,
        collectors, groundwater in the region is close to the surface   2012.
        almost all year round. Obstructed drainage and backwaters   [3]   Zvonkova  T.  V.  Bukhara  region.  Natural  conditions
        on  collectors  lead  to  a  situation  when  the  level  of
        groundwater rises, and their outflow is impossible due to   and resources of South-West Uzbekistan. Tashkent:
                                                                    Fan, 1965.
        intensive use of land.
                                                               [4]   Lebedev Yu. P. Soils of irrigated oases in the lower
        If the salinity of groundwater is relatively low, then, provided
                                                                    Zeravshan  //  Scientific.  tr.  Aral-Caspian  complex
        the  level  of  their  occurrence  is  low,  the  secondary
        salinization of the soil will be minimal or not at all. Intensive   expedition. Issue 1. Moscow: Publishing House of the
                                                                    Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1954.
        leaching of the soil contributes to the prevention of excessive
        soil salinization, but this also causes an increase in the level   [5]   Nigmatov   A.   N.   Geoecological   aspects   of
        and salinity of groundwater. The source of salt accumulation   contamination  and  technogenic  disturbance  of  the
        is water with a salinity of 1.0–1.5 g / l. Mineralization of the   lands of Uzbekistan. Tashkent, 2005.
        Amudarya water at the outlet from the mountains was 0.2–  [6]   Panin P. S. Salt release processes in washed soil strata.
        0.3  g  /  l  during  the  study  period,  and  in  the  underlying
        territories - 1.0 and higher. The  obstructed drainage and   Novosibirsk: Science, 1968.
        backwaters on the collectors lead to an increase in the level   [7]   Pankova E. I., Aydarov I. P., Yamnova I. A. and others.
        of groundwater and, as already mentioned above, due to the   Natural zoning of saline soils in the Aral Sea basin
        high  coefficient  of  land  use,  their  outflow  is  generally   (geography, genesis, evolution). M., 1996.
        impossible.  Large  evaporation  leads  to  strong  soil   [8]
        salinization. Under these conditions, the regulation of the   Shirokova Yu. I., Chernyshev A. K. Express method for
                                                                    determining  the  salinity  of  soil  and  water  in  the
        water-salt regime is extremely difficult. It should be noted
        that the land salinization of the Bukhara region is stable.   conditions of Uzbekistan // Agriculture of Uzbekistan.
                                                                    1999. No. 5.
        Salinization is the result of irrational use of water resources
        [11,  14].  Soil  leaching  as  a  means  of  combating  seasonal   [9]   Shodiev S. R. Hydrochemistry of river and collector-
        salinization under these conditions is ineffective due to the   drainage  waters  in  the  south-west  of  Uzbekistan:
        small  capacity  of  the  aeration  zone  and  insufficient  land   Author's  abstract.  dis  ...  cand.  s.-kh.  sciences.
        drainage. In this case, the collectors are destroyed: slopes   Tashkent, 2009.
        float and the bottom is poured. Arid conditions increase the   [10]
        transpiration of water and the accumulation of salts in the   Eshchanov  R.  Agroecological  foundations  of
                                                                    sustainable use of land and water resources (on the
        surface layer of the soil.
                                                                    example of the Khorezm region): Author. dis ... Dr. s.-
        From what has been studied, it follows that the closer to the   kh. sciences. Tashkent, 2008.
        surface  of  the  ground  the  groundwater,  the  greater  their   [11]
        participation in water consumption and the lower the need   Alihanov B. B. About a Condition of Environment and
                                                                    Use of Natural Resources in Republic of Uzbekistan
        for water, that is, the number of vegetation irrigations and
                                                                    (the Retrospective Analysis for 1988-2007), National
        associated  inter-row  soil  treatments  decreases  [5].  In
                                                                    Report of the State Committee for Nature Protection
        addition, due to the high standing of groundwater, there is an
        intensive accumulation of salts in the upper layers of the soil   of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Tashkent: Chinor ENK,
                                                                    2008.
        [6,7]. The prevailing landscapes of the Bukhara region are
        characterized  by  weak  natural  drainage  and  insignificant   [12]   Chub V., Osokova T. Second National Report of the
        land  slopes  (0.0001–0.0002).  In  the  absence  of  good   Republic of Uzbekistan on UN FCCC. Tashkent, 2008.
        drainage,  difficulties  arise  in  lowering  and  removing   [13]
        groundwater,  regulating  the  salt  regime  of  soils.  Due  to   Kulmatov  R.  Problems  of  Sustainable  Use  and
                                                                    Management  of  Water  and  Land  Resources  in
        operational difficulties, most of the existing drainage systems
        are malfunctioning or inoperative and approximately 50% of   Uzbekistan  //  Journal  of  Water  Resource  and
                                                                    Protection. 2014.6.
        the vertical drainage is not used at all. The existing collectors
        quickly flooded and are now operating in a backwater mode,   [14]   Umarov N. U. About a Condition of Environment and
        in  connection  with  which  the  level  of  groundwater  rises,   Use of Natural Resources in Republic of Uzbekistan
        there is a low efficiency of flushing, and an increase in soil   (the Retrospective Analysis for 2008-2011), National
        salinity.                                                   Report of the State Committee for Nature Protection
                                                                    of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Tashkent: Chinor ENK,
         In this regard, it is necessary to conduct careful monitoring
        of  lands  subject  to  secondary  salinization.  In  addition,   2013.
        methods of ground-based simplified operational control of



        ID: IJTSRD39940 | Special Issue on Innovative Development of Modern Research                      Page 48
   48   49   50   51   52   53   54   55   56   57   58