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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
Special Issue on Innovative Development of Modern Research
Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

Problems of Rational use Ground Water of Bukhara Region

Turgunbaeva Zhumagul Rakhimberdievna,
Yakhyaeva Muslimakhon Tokhirboevna,
Alieva Gulirano Turgunboy Kizi
Tashkent State Transport University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

ABSTRACT Amukarakul canals, additional - the Kuyimazar, Tudakul and
The article investigates and conducts complex geographic Shurkul reservoirs. The hydrographic network of the region
studies, gives a classification of soils, describes their is represented by a large number of irrigation facilities and
physical properties and problems of rational use of drainage networks. The main drainage faults are Central,
groundwater in Bukhara region. The high level of formation Severny, Parallel, Tashkuduk, Parsankul and Ogitma.
of saline groundwater leads to salinization and water Bukhara region is located in the lower reaches of the river.
logging of soils. In this regard, one should carefully monitor Zeravshan [8.9].
soils subject to salinization and water logging. Reducing
The groundwater level (GWL) mainly depends on the terrain,
groundwater losses through the use of simplified ground-
depth and distance of drainage [13]. The main source of food
based operational methods salinity management, as well as
the rational use of water resources, simplifying the and the reason for the close occurrence of groundwater is
infiltration water from hydraulic systems. Precipitation also
distribution of systems at all levels, repairing canals and
plays an important role in replenishing their reserves. The
cleaning collectors.
high level of occurrence of mineralized groundwater leads to

KEYWORDS: groundwater, soil classification, physical soil salinization and water logging. To reduce soil
properties, mechanical composition, groundwater level, salinization and water logging, it is necessary to analyze the
salinization, water logging reasons for temporary changes in the groundwater level, the
location and scale of areas in the zone of risk of salinization

The land resources of the Bukhara region have been
and water logging, and to develop measures to prevent
thoroughly studied by Uzbek scientists, the quality and negative processes.
composition of the soil have been determined,
comprehensive geographic studies have been carried out, the The temporal dynamics of the GWL was analyzed for the
classification of soils has been given, and their physical period from 2000 to 2013. The largest area of the
properties have been described [1,3,4]. Within the Bukhara groundwater occurrence zone at a depth of 1.1–1.5 m (Fig.
region, morphic, transitional hydromorphic soils of the 1.) was recorded in 2005, 2012 and 2013. - 20 thousand
desert zone are distinguished, formed on deposits of various hectares (7.3% of irrigated land in the region), and the
genesis and age. The humus content is 1–2% [2]. The soils smallest - in 2000-2001. - 6.6-8.5 thousand hectares (2.4-
have a different mechanical composition: from sandy loamy 3.1%). These indicators with a groundwater depth of 1.51-2
sand to medium loamy. The humus content is 0.6–1.8%. The m, respectively, were 68.4 thousand hectares (24.9%) - in
concentration of nitrogen is 0.05–0.16%, total phosphorus is 2009-2013, and 40.3-44.2 thousand hectares (14 , 7-16.1%) -
0.09–0.11%. In terms of texture, they are different: from in 2000, 2012. The total area of the groundwater table at a
heavy loamy to sandy. The humus content in the layer is 0.3– depth of 1.51–2 m in 2000–2013. amounted to 164.7-184.4
1.8%, nitrogen - 0.03–0.16%. Desert sandy soils contain thousand hectares (60-67%). The largest area of
about 0.5% humus and 0.04–0.05% nitrogen. groundwater occurrence zone at a depth of 2.1–3 m was
recorded in 2001, 2004, 2005 and 2006. - 180 thousand
The purpose of this article is to study the problem of rational hectares (65% of the irrigated land in the region), the
use of groundwater in the Bukhara region. Bukhara region is
smallest - in 2000 and 2013. - 164.7 thousand (59.9%) and
located in the south-west of Uzbekistan, borders on 170 thousand hectares (61.8%), respectively. In 2000, the
Kashkadarya, Navoi regions and Turkmenistan. Population - area of irrigated land located in this zone of groundwater
1.7 million people (68% - rural, 32% - urban). Total area - occurrence amounted to 14.4 thousand hectares (by 5.2%).
40.320 km2: 64% - pastures; 4.7 - agricultural land; 2.4% -
In 2000, the area of the 3.1-5 m groundwater table was 57.9
lakes with drainage water, the rest - unused land. The total thousand hectares, in 2013 - 13.9 thousand hectares, that is,
area of irrigated land in 2013 was 274.9 hectares. The it was almost 3.7 times less (5.1% of the total area of
climate is sharply continental, winters are cold, summers are irrigated land in the region). The occurrence of groundwater
hot and dry. On average, there are 300 sunny days per year,
at a depth of more than 5 m was noted in 2000 and 2002. on
the average annual precipitation is 90–120 mm, and the an area of 0.3–2.6 thousand hectares (0.1–0.9%). As
average annual evaporation is 1900–2000 mm. Almost 60% evidenced by these data, indicators of the level of
of precipitation falls in January - April. The annual amount of
groundwater occurrence during the year can fluctuate
solar radiation is 150–160 kcal. The average air temperature significantly, and the area of land changes accordingly. One of
is –15–16 ° С [11,12]. the main reasons for the high level of groundwater
In the Bukhara region, aboveground waters are fully occurrence on saline lands is the constant pressure-
provided with water from the Amudarya and Zeravshan ascending inflow of deep groundwater [13]. The volume of
rivers. The main source of water is the Amubukhara and infiltration water depends on the amount of vegetation

ID: IJTSRD39940 | Special Issue on Innovative Development of Modern Research Page 47