Page 120 - Special Issue Modern Trends in Scientific Research and Development, Case of Asia

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www. ijtsrd. com eISSN: 2456-6470

forms - fiction, imagination, theatrical game principle, place of culture in a post-industrial society. Such an attitude
complex figurative associations. Another quality that towards culture arose due to a violation of the “purity” of the
distinguishes the architecture of postmodernism, especially phenomenon of art, the condition for which is semantic
in European countries, is a conscious desire to link new generation, dating back to the creative principle, the original
buildings with the historical urban environment, without creative act. These conditions were violated in the new
spoiling it with new inclusions, to feel the urban context of society with its endless possibilities of technical
future buildings. Sometimes this trend of postmodernism is reproduction, and the existence of art in its former forms
called contextualism. An appeal to historical forms in was called into question. Postmodernism, rejecting the
postmodernism is never directly quoted, instead a game of rationalism of the international style, turned to visual quotes
hints of prototypes, encrypted symbolism and complex from the history of art, to the unique features of the
associations appears. environment (which our epigones did not do, taking from
the postmodern only its primitively understandable
In this sense, the sensational construction of Charles Moore - “omnivorousness”), combining this with the latest
Piazza Italy in New Orleans, a place chosen by the Italian achievements of building technologies. Architecture, as well
community of the city to host its festivals, can be seen as a as fine art, proclaimed the principle of "open art", which
typical example. The desire of customers - to create the freely interacts with all old and new styles. In this situation,
material embodiment of nostalgia - the architect performed the previous confrontation between tradition and the avant-
in the form of a grotesque, creating a collage of classic garde loses its meaning. Having rejected the possibility of a
European architectural motifs, which is located around a utopian transformation of life, postmodernists accept being
huge stone map of Italy. The very statement of the problem as it is and having made art extremely open, they filled it not
here predetermined and justified the use of eclectic forms in with imitations or deformations of life, but with fragments of
order to create an artistic image-association. Mario Botta the life process. This process is usually only adjusted, and
introduced some formal techniques into the architecture of not completely transformed into something new and
postmodernism, which were later used by his epigones and unprecedented. Postmodernism replaces the desire for
became a kind of universal architectural language of structural ordering with its understanding of growth
postmodernism. In his single-family houses - villas in expressed in the concept of “rhizome”. Postmodernism itself
Switzerland, the ideas of solitude, isolation in a natural or does not pretend to create a global theory; its world is a
architectural environment are laid. His villas are self- world of “surfaces”, “games of particulars,” cultural variants
sufficient, they do not need any communication. In a small of previous eras. The worldview of postmodernism is a
residential building, large forms are used, as if intended for fixation of a situation when repressive borders between
large public buildings - huge round windows with a mirrored types, forms, and kinds of cultural activity disappear. The
glass surface that protect the inner world even from outside. concept of the center, which is the focus and symbol of
power, disappears as a result of the decentralization process,
The Austrian architect Hans Hollein in the interiors of the which means the destruction of the central position of the
Vienna Travel Bureau tried using architectural means to West as the traditional core of modern culture, as well as the
convey the sensations, images, dreams and illusions that loss of the meaning of the theory of “two cultures”.
arise from a person traveling to distant lands. Where a
modernist architect would have made glass walls and hung Previously, it was customary to think differently. In 1939,
them with advertising posters, Hollein sets up steel palm American art critic Clement Greenberg wrote that kitsch and
trees, among which stands the ruin of a classical column. avant-garde are two absolute poles of the culture of the 20th
Eagles fly over the ticket office. The space here is like a century, and between them there is less and less something
scene, and the visitor, moving along it, is included in the third, that is, a traditional culture. If it does not become the
overall performance, starting to play some role. The vanguard, it falls into kitsch, into a light chewing gum that
architect manages to create an atmosphere of something does not require the public anything but money. One of the
unknown, mysterious, full of anticipation of the upcoming striking examples of kitsch, Greenberg considered Russian
trip and the discovery of some secrets. Often the architecture Wanderers, in particular Repin, but believed that "Repin was
of postmodernism is criticized for the fact that instead of lucky that Russian peasants were protected from the
moving forward, it began to lead back into history, products of American capitalism: he would have no chance
explaining this by a fear of the future in the face of global next to the cover of the Saterdey Evening Post." The
environmental disasters. correctness of Greenberg is easy to see today. But in the
same 1930s, the European philosopher Walter Benjamin
However, the main merit of postmodernism is that the wrote another classic article, “A Work of Art in the Age of its
language of architectural forms has become incomparably Technical Reproducibility”. And what Greenberg considered
richer, volumes and compositions have become more kitsch's main drawback - his inability to intellectually
expressive, the concept of beauty and imagery has been stimulate - Benjamin turned into a new aesthetic of
rehabilitated even in relation to strictly functional buildings. “distraction”, absorbing the viewer into himself, most typical
The architects of postmodernism, showing respect for the of cinema. As you can see, Benjamin looked at the future
historical and national heritage, have created many sharper than Greenberg. Benjamin foresaw that mass
wonderful projects for the reconstruction of historical parts production would reach unprecedented technical and
of cities, assimilating modern buildings into the historical aesthetic heights, and he turned out to be right: in the place
fabric of the city without harming the parties. But the main that kitsch occupied in the 19th century, today there were
thing is that they returned architecture to the fold of art. mass media, TV, fashion, design and architecture of the post-
Soviet space of the “please” style. In the modern world,
Postmodernism, the distinction of which is the rejection of dividing into a highbrow culture (what is commonly called
truth and universal pluralism, is a reaction to a change in the “classics” in our country) and lowbrow (mass, popular,

ID: IJTSRD37955 | Special Issue on Modern Trends in Scientific Research and Development, Case of Asia Page 115