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0-60 0,140 0,033 0,021 0,043
60-100 0,129 0,030 0,023 0,045
0-100 0,121 0,032 0,025 0,043
100-200 0,500 0,019 0,024 0,295
200-300 0,171 0,023 0,015 0,073
0-200 0,315 0,026 0,024 0,169

Salt accumulation in the soil of section 2 looks different, here more noticeable change in the salt regime occurs in the 100-
in the upper 0-100 and lower 200-300 cm layers of the soil, a 200 cm layer, where the soil is relatively more saline than in
small salt content is observed - respectively 0.121 and the previous layer. Here, in all the years of research under all
0.171% of a dense residue and 0.025% and 0.015% of soil moisture regimes, the movement of salts into the lower
chlorine - ion. In the middle part of the aeration zone in the layers, i.e. water-soluble salts are washed out.
100-200 cm layer, relatively more salt accumulation is noted,
In 1986, the amount of solid residue with an initial content of
the total amount of salts increases to 0.5%. Consequently,
0.588% by autumn according to various variants of the
according to the initial content of salts, the soil of plot I is
experiment decreased to 0.229-0.539%, in 1987 from 0.600
subject to weak salinity. On site 2, the upper 0-100 cm and
lower 200-300 cm layers are practically not saline, its middle to 0.231-0.408%, in 1988 - from 0.588 to 0.209-0.432%. If
we consider the change in salts in the context of various
part (100-200 cm) is slightly saline. The soils of the
irrigation regimes, then it can be noted that options with pre-
experimental plots are of the chloride-sulfate type of
salinization. The salts are dominated by sulfates, the supply irrigation moisture 70-75-65 and 75-75-65% HB turned out
to be more effective in desalinating a layer of 100-200 cm.
of which is more than half of the dry residue. The sulfate
Desalination proceeds worse at a humidity mode of 60-70-65
anions in the soil of site 2 exceeded 4.8–8.1 times, and of site
HB. Var. 2, where the cotton was watered with a moisture
2–1, 8–5.0 times. Since the soil in plot I is slightly saline, in
plot 2 it is prone to salinization in a deeper (100-200 cm) content of 70-70-65% HB, occupied an intermediate
position.
layer, when favorable conditions are created, water-soluble
salts can easily move to the upper soil layers and cause The decaying effect of preventive watering must be
danger to the normal growth and development of cotton. strengthened by carefully conducted vegetative watering. On
our experimental plots, early spring preventive watering was
The results of our three-year studies have shown that
carried out annually closer to the sowing of cotton, at rates of
various irrigation regimes for fine-fiber cotton played a
1200-1500 m3 / ha. If we take into account that in the area
certain role in changing the salt regime of the soils of the
experimental plots. with deep groundwater, the soil is complex, with the
exception of the arable layer, of light loam, has a loose
Experiments carried out on a site with a groundwater level constitution, facilitating from top to bottom and has good
of 1.5-2.0 m showed that under the influence of irrigation water permeability, then with such rates of preventive
regimes, a sensitive change in the salt regime of soil occurs. irrigation, it is quite possible to achieve desalinization of the
So, in the experiment of 1988, with the mode of pre- soil to a depth of 2 m. Naturally, this was also facilitated by
irrigation soil moisture 70-70-65% HB (option 2), the vegetative irrigation, carried out by norms for the deficit of
content of dense residue in the 0-60 cm layer from spring to the calculated layer in combination with high-quality inter-
autumn decreased from 1.153 to 1.121% in 60-100 cm from row cultivation, timely feeding of plants, weed control and
1.105 up to 1.046% and in the layer 100-200 cm it increased other types of agro technical measures.
from 1.019 to 1.240%. However, the amount of chlorine ion
Thus, from the foregoing, it follows that on the irrigated
at the end of the growing season in the 0-60 cm layer
increases from 0.027 to 0.096%, in the 0-100 cm layer, from lands of the Karshi steppe, subject to low salinity, during the
cultivation of cotton, pre-sowing reserve preventive
0.028 to 0.075, in the 100-200 cm layer from 0.029 to
irrigation with rates of 1200-1500 m3 / ha should be used
0.062%.
annually as a mandatory agro technical method. The effect in
In variant I, where the regime of pre-irrigation soil moisture soil desalinization achieved by these irrigations must be
is 60-70-65% HB, the salt content in the soil increases consolidated by using optimal irrigation regimes for fine-
significantly from spring to autumn. The same picture is fiber cotton during its growing season in combination with
observed in variants 3-4. So, if at the beginning of the other agro technical measures carried out using intensive
growing season in the 0-60 cm layer there was 1.153% of a technology. With the introduction of such interrelated agro-
dense residue, by autumn it was found in option 3-1.270 and reclamation measures, a prerequisite is created for the
in option 4-1.261%. However, in deeper soil layers (100-200 maximum prevention of the process of movement of water-
cm), the salt content is lower (1.227-1.262% :) than in option soluble salts from the lower, more saline layers to the upper
I (1.328%). Comparative analysis of the obtained data ones. Thanks to this, farmers will be able to ensure the
showed that the most favorable soil reclamation regime is maintenance of the upper soil layers in the most favorable
observed in variants 2-3, where the regime of pre-irrigation ameliorative state during the entire growing season.
soil moisture is 70-70-65 and 70-75-65% HB.
Literature
The data on the salt regime of the soil in the area with deep [1] A. P. Averyanov On the question of determining the
groundwater, where the upper 0-100 cm layer is practically irrigation rate. Moscow, "Soil Science", No. 9, 1968.
not saline, are given in table 4,5,3. under such conditions, as [2]
shown by three-year data, the salt content in the 0-100 cm Avtonomov A. A., SafarovE. Sh. Testing of methods of
irrigation of cotton through furrow and through strips
layer both in terms of dry residue and chlorine-ion does not
in the Hungry Steppe. Tr. Central Experimental
change significantly from spring to autumn under various
Reclamation Station, vol. I, Tashkent, 1961.
irrigation regimes, it is maintained in a stable position. A
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