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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
Special Issue on Innovative Development of Modern Research
Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

Lymphotropic Therapy for Diseases of the Maxillofacial Region

(Review of the Literature)

Rizaev Zhasur Alimdzhanovich , Narziev Bakhtiyor Dalievich ,
2
1
3
Narzieva Dilfuza Bakhtiyorovna
1 Rector of the Samarkand State Medical Institute, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
2 Associate Professor of the Samarkand Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
3 Assistant at the Samarkand State Medical Institute, Samarkand, Uzbekistan

ABSTRACT from the regional lymph nodes are collected in large lymph
Lymphotropic therapy is an effective and simple method of trunks, which eventually form two main lymphatic ducts –
saturating the lymphatic system with medications. This the thoracic and right [28]. According to Petrenko V. M.
review of the literature examines the pathogenetic and (2003) the adult lymphatic system consists of 600-800
practical justification for the use of lymphotropic therapy in lymph nodes, which account for approximately 1/100 of the
maxillofacial surgery. body weight. There are two large groups of lymph nodes;

somatic (lymph nodes of the extremities, head, neck) and
KEYWORDS: lymph, lymphatic system, lymphotropic therapy, visceral (lymph nodes of the thoracic and abdominal
regional lymphotropic therapy
cavities). The cervical lymph nodes belong to the mixed
group, as they receive lymph from the organs of movement
INTRODUCTION and internal organs [31]. There are 50 groups of lymph
The search for and development of new methods of drug nodes [32]. The size of the lymph nodes varies from 1.5×2.0
delivery to target organs is an urgent problem of modern to 21×45 mm [33, 34]. The lymph nodes contain smooth
medicine. One of these methods is lymphotropic therapy, muscle elements located in the capsule, trabeculae and in the
which ensures the creation of sufficient and stable area of the gate, which allows the lymph node to contract and
therapeutic concentrations of drugs in the lymphatic region
decrease in size, move the lymph and actively rearrange
of the lesion, and, consequently, in the target organ [1]. Its itself due to the peculiarities of functioning in different
essence consists in the introduction of active substances into regions and under different influences [35, 30].
a zone containing a large number of lymphatic vessels and
nodes, which allows you to achieve saturation only of a In the lymph nodes there is a reticular stroma, characteristic
certain region of the lymphatic system that drains this area. of the hematopoietic organs. Reticular tissue, which is
In recent years, lymphotropic therapy has been of increasing genetically and functionally related to the shaped elements
interest in clinical practice and is widely used in the of blood, significantly affects the processes of cell
treatment of various diseases [2]. proliferation and differentiation, and the intensity of
hematopoiesis [36, 37, 38]. According to Ishchenko I. Yu.
The elements of the lymphatic system include: lymphatic (2017), the connective tissue forming the stroma of the
capillaries, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, lymph trunks lymph nodes (LN) is the microenvironment, the "stromal
and lymph ducts [28].
niche", which plays an important role in the development
Lymph is formed in the lymphatic capillaries by absorption and activation of immune cells by regulating cell
from the intercellular fluid and moves only in one direction – differentiation and proliferation. It consists of various cell
from the "periphery" to the center. It consists of types (fibroblasts, macrophages, etc.), extracellular matrix
lymphoplasma, similar in composition to blood plasma, and molecules and adhesion molecules that regulate the
lymphocytes, joining in the lymph nodes. processes of cell differentiation and proliferation through the
production of soluble factors and through interactions
Lymphocapillaries have a blind origin in the intercellular between cells. Such interactions are important, since defects
space "like the fingers of a glove" and a lumen that exceeds within the stromal niche strongly inhibit the function of the
the lumen of venous capillaries by 4-6 times, which allows lymph nodes. In LN, the following stromal cell subsets are
large molecules, foreign bodies and microorganisms that do distinguished: fibroblastic reticular cells (FRC) forming a
not correspond to the size of blood capillaries to penetrate reticular network (stained with podoplanin), endothelial
into them. Lymph vessels are formed when the cells of lymphatic vessels (on LYVE-1), endothelial cells of
lymphocapillaries merge; they have bivalve valves that blood vessels (on CD31), macrophages. In turn, FRC
provide centripetal movement of the lymph [28]. represent a heterogeneous subset of stromal cells in the LN:
As is known, there are 3 relatively independent systems of these are FRC-paracortex cells, follicular dendritic cells
lymph vessels: intra-organ lymph vessels, superficial extra- (FDC) in the lymphoid nodules of the cortex, and contractile
organ lymph vessels, and deep extra-organ vessels [28]. FRC -like pericytes. FRC form a reticular network (RN),
which not only serves as a mechanical framework for the LN,
Lymphatic vessels are divided into regional – between the but also creates a kind of handrail along which dendritic
lymph nodes of individual anatomical areas, and collector, cells, T - and B-lymphocytes move into the LN. MS forms
which are the central trunks and ducts. In relation to the channels for transporting lymph from the subcapsular sinus
lymph node, the lymphatic vessels are divided into bringing to the LN parenchyma.
and carrying out. The lymphatic vessels that carry the lymph

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